Industry Insights
Gas Chromatography: Important for the Analytical Chemist
Posted on 08 February, 2010 | Tags: Separation Techniques
Chromatography is the conventional separation technique followed in chemical analysis. This single step process separates mixture into individual components and provides quantitative estimate for each of the constituents. -V. K. Gupta Chromatography, although primarily a separation technique, is mostly employed in chemical analysis. Nevertheless, to a limited extent, it is also used for preparative purposes, particularly for the isolation of relatively small amounts of materials that have comparatively high intrinsic value. Chromatography is probably the most powerful and versatile technique available to the modern analyst. In a single step process it can separate a mixture into its individual components and simultaneously provide an quantitative estimate of each constituent. Samples may be gaseous, liquid or solid in nature and can range in complexity from a simple blend of two entantiomers to a multi component mixture containing widely differing chemical species. Furthermore, the analysis can be carried out, at one extreme, on a very costly and complex instrument and at the other, on a simple, inexpensive thin layer plate, of course with varied accuracies and precisions. Types of Chromatography: Paper Chromatography Thin Layer Chromatography Column Chromatography Gas Chromatography Liquid Chromatography Paper Chromatography: This is an analytical chemistry technique for separating and identifying
Synthesis of APIs/HAPIs Under Sterile Conditions and/or with High Containment Requirement
Posted on 08 February, 2010 | Tags: Good Manufacturing Practices
Manufacturing sterile APIs and/or drugs according to cGMP and FDA guidelines for the export to US and European market is always a challenge. Interface is a critical step during the synthesis of APIs / HAPIs during which the total batch time can be drastically reduced or increased and the product quality strongly influenced. -Christophe Cordary Synthesis of APIs/HAPIs requires mostly several steps, which are either in liquid or in solid phases. One step is the exact interface between both faces: the solid liquid separation. This is a very critical step during the process where the total batch time can be drastically reduced or increased, and where the quality of the product can be strongly influenced. Most of the time this is also a step where the product has already a high added value - and therefore high costs, especially for final steps.One equipment, which is used more and more to realize this critical process is the Agitated Nutsche Filter Dryer (so called ANFD). This equipment provides the advantages of combining the mechanical solid /liquid separation phase as well as the thermal drying phase. These two steps are processed in a fully contained way, giving reproducible results and in a
Green Liquor Dregs Solution to Achieve New Environmental Standards
Posted on 08 February, 2010 | Tags: Case Study
Energy efficient pressure filter solution supplied by Larox Corporation to Stora Enso's Fluting Mill Power Plant in Heinola, Finland enabled the power plant meet with stringent waste handling requirements in optimized manner resulting in substantial cost reductions. The Larox C Series Automatic Pressure Filter - an Optimal Solution Larox C series automatic pressure filter offers excellent solution to clarified green liquor cake filtration. The filter can be used with or without cake washing, as needed. The residual sodium oxide levels of the filter cake can even remain under 1.0 percent w/w.The Larox C series automatic pressure filter is designed for chemical processing industries. This filter enables exceed the strict requirements, concerns regarding the end product quality and uniformity as well as production efficiency, reliability and safety.Stora Enso is an integrated paper, packaging and forest products company, producing newsprint, magazine paper, fine paper, consumer board, industrial packaging, and wood products. Stora Enso's Heinola Fluting Mill and Larox have cooperated in the development engineering of the green liquor dregs filtration process for a long time. As a result of this cooperation a contract was signed in 2006 on the delivery of the Larox green liquor pressure filter to the recovery boiler SK
Process Intensification Using State-of-the-Art in Separation Technology
Posted on 08 February, 2010 | Tags: Innovative Technologies
With the recent acquisition of the separations technology business of KnitMesh and the existing alliance with Shell Global Solutions, Sulzer Chemtech has expanded its technology within the gas-liquid and liquid-liquid separation business continuously. -Dr Abhilash Menon & Daniel Egger Be it the separation of liquid droplets from a simple gas stream loaded with mist or from a gas-liquid stream under high pressure, the selection of the right technology is essential to achieve the desired performance and specification. It is very important to understand and apply the physics properly within various applications, for e.g. a vane-pack may work properly under normal atmospheric conditions, but in a high pressure hydrocarbon system, the physical properties of the system completely changes, thus rendering conventional mist elimination devices practically useless at times. Also, in many de-bottleneck and revamp cases within the gas, petrochemical and chemical industry, one comes across situations where capacity and separation performance are limited by the type of separation device chosen. This calls for innovative technologies, say for instance, separation of liquid droplets from the gas-liquid mixture by imparting higher centrifugal forces. In many situations, an appropriate combination of technologies yields the optimum techno-economic solution for the case at hand. Liquid EntrainmentLiquid
Recent Developments in Membrane Technology
Posted on 08 February, 2010 | Tags: Advanced Processes
Membranes have been widely used for various applications such as drinking, wastewater treatment, process and ultrapure water. The articles focuses on some of the critical considerations and highlights two state-of-the-art technologies viz. Electrodeionization (EDI) and Liquid Degasification using Membrane contractors having hollow fibre membranes. -Pinakin J. Sampat & Mukesh C. Khagram Ultrapure water has been the major requirement for Pharmaceutical industries as either purified water (PW) or water for injection (WFI), semiconductor complex, power stations, small laboratories and other process industries.About a decade ago, ultrapure water was produced by the following methods: Ion exchange demineralisation + mixed bed polisher. Reverse Osmosis (Single or Double pass) + mixed bed polisher. While conductivity upto 0.057 mS/cm was achieved, the water quality did not conform to the specifications with respect to TOC and bacterial levels generated from ion exchange systems. Electrodeionization for Ultrapure Water ApplicationResearch and development of EDI dates back to the year 1985 as a curiosity and it was only in the year 2000 that a major breakthrough was achieved. By the year 2002 EDI become a commercial viable technology and a well established process throughout the world.The EDI process replaces the conventional DI mixed resin bed system to produce consistent


